Parasitism is such a form of interspecific interaction, in which the representative of one type (parasite) partially or completely exists at the expense of a representative of another type (owner). Taxonomic List of parasitic forms that affect a person is extremely extensive
Parasites are found among arthropods, mollusks, worms, mushrooms, simple organisms, and this is not the whole list. Pathrot bacteria and viruses, from a medical point of view, are also parasites.
In this article we will talk about parasitic forms of representatives of the kingdom of Properties (Protozoa). Parasites are always an unpleasant and undesirable phenomenon, therefore, in order to fight them effectively, you need to know as much as possible about them.
Representatives of the kingdom are often called unicellular organisms. These are creatures consisting of only one cell, which has constant shape, such as ciliates, or capable of cytoplasmic movements, like amoeba.
Many protozoa are equipped with organs of motion, represented in the form of flagella, cilia or pseudopods. Their dimensions fluctuate from microscopic to several millimeters. The organism cage contains an organelle set that perform functions similar to organs of more complex organisms.
The kingdom is represented by almost 15, 000 species, most of which live in the aquatic and soil environment.
However, there is a part of unicellular organisms that prefer a parasitic lifestyle. The simplest parasites of a person can cause a disease such as Protozoans - sometimes taking severe forms up to death. It is sometimes very difficult to get rid of parasitic in the body.
Protozoa has a protective mechanism - the transfer of adverse environmental conditions in an inactive state. The cell is covered with a dense, impenetrable shell, turns into cysts, and in such a non -receptive form it can be for a very long time. InceSt is also used by the simplest to distribute them.
The difference in species
The simplest persons of a person differ in structure, the method of introducing them into the body and caused diseases. For the best structuring of information, the main material about unicellular organisms is briefly presented in the table.
Some representatives of the protozoa parasitizing in the human body, their brief description:
| Type, caused by the disease and systems of organs subject to damage | Symptoms | Ways of infection, carriers | Infecting stage of the parasite life cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| The class is flagelled | |||
|
Skin Leishmaniosis is characterized by the formation of necrotic ulcers on the affected areas of the skin. Visceral Leishmaniosis causes acute inflammatory reactions from the affected organs, with ulceration and hemorrhages. | They fall into the bloodstream with a bite of a mosquito, with its saliva. Carriers - warm -blooded animals, including humans; The carrier is a mosquito. | Promastigote (Flagellates body shape). |
|
Enteritis, allergies, asthma, depression, nervous disorders, cracks, dry skin, cholecystitis, etc. | The fecal-oral path of infection through food and water. Carriers - warm -blooded animals, including humans; carriers - synanthropic insects (flies, cockroaches). | Stage of cysts. |
|
Itching, burning in the genital area, discomfort during urination, abundant unhealthy discharge from the genitals. Complications with the development of infertility are possible. | Sexual path of infection; through the mouth; through the rectum; when inhaled air; It is possible to transmit parasites during childbirth from mother to child. A carrier and carrier is a person. | Any stage of the life cycle: flagellates (adult), amoeboid (intermediate, most invasive), cyst. |
|
An increase in the lymph nodes, pathological processes in the liver of the spleen, damage to the nervous system is characterized by excessive drowsiness, and a fatal outcome often occurs. The disease develops up to two years. | Enters the bloodstream during the bite of the insect with its saliva; When pouring blood. The carrier is warm -blooded animals, including humans, a carrier - a fly of Tseche (African tripanosomosis), Tritomic a bug (American tripanosomosis). | Trypomastigote stage (characteristic of the oscillation of the membrane and the ability to move). |
| SPORES class | |||
|
The latent and chronic form proceeds asymptomatic; Symptoms of an acute form are manifested from the affected organs. The most dangerous for pregnant women and newborn children leads to serious disorders and congenital pathologies, up to the death of the fetus. | Fecal-oral path of infection through unprocessed milk, meat; with insect bites; During pregnancy from mother to child. Harshes and carriers are warm -blooded animals, including humans. | Stage of cysts. |
|
An increase in body temperature, chills, fever, can lead to serious lesions of the kidneys, nervous system, a fatal outcome is possible. | Enters the blood flow of a person during a bite with a saliva of an insect; transmission during pregnancy from mother to child; When pouring blood. The carrier is a person, a carrier is a malaria mosquito. | Stage of sporosoites (the final form of the sexual cycle of the Sporiks). |
| Class of infusoria | |||
|
The ulceration of the mucous membrane of the large intestine is accompanied by blood-mesh diarrhea, and fatal outcome often occur. | The fecal-oral path of infection through fruits, vegetables, unprocessed pork. The carrier is a pig, a carrier - synanthropic insects (flies, cockroaches). | Stage of cysts. |
| Sarcodes class | |||
|
ASYMPTOMATIC and DEMSTRATIVE form the form of the disease. Intestinal amoebiasis is manifested by bloody diarrhea and vomiting; Extra-wrecking amoebiasis is characterized by acute lesions of the liver, lungs and other organs. | Fecal-oral path of infection through vegetables, fruits, greens; Anal sexual intercourse. The carrier is warm -blooded animals, most often, humans, carriers - synanthropic insects (flies, cockroaches). | Stage of quad -core cysts. |
As a rule, for all the protozoa, a very complex and multi -stage life cycle is characterized by a very complex and multi -stage life cycle, which includes different in form, degree of activity and functional stages of the stage.
Unicellular organisms most often occur by simple cell division in two, but some classes, along with division, are also inherent in a more complex reproductive process with the exchange of genetic information, for example, representatives of the flagella class.
In addition, life forms of protozoa are not universal for all classes. Various stages of the life cycle of parasites can take place in organisms of different species of animals.
So, some of them are constant owners, carriers of the parasite, while others play the role of a carrier of infection. Also, individual stages of the life cycle can take place within the same individual, but in different organs.
Symptoms of invasion depend on the stage of the life cycle of the parasite, on the resistance of the human body, on the degree of infection and localization. Often the disease is accompanied by non -specific symptoms, as a result of which the diagnosis of infection with protozoa is always extremely difficult.
According to the latest WHO data, more than 1 billion people are infected with parasites. The worst thing is that parasites are extremely difficult to detect.
- nervousness, weakness, drowsiness;
- frequent headaches;
- itching, allergic reactions;
- smell from the mouth, plaque on the teeth and language;
- change in body weight;
- diarrhea, constipation and pain in the stomach;
- Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
All these are possible signs of parasites in your body. Parasites are very dangerous, they can lead to deadly diseases. Diseases caused by parasites take a chronic form.